Posts Tagged ‘Social’

Medicare: past overexploitation of payments blows hospital intensive care: report to the Secretary of Health and Social Services

Friday, July 30th, 2010

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Medicare: past overexploitation of payments blows hospital intensive care: report to the Secretary of Health and Social Services

Social Justice

Monday, June 14th, 2010

The leisure and hospitality industry is exceptional in that it combines tune-up with a physical good that’s rooms in a lodging establishment including live shows such as music and acrobatics. The phrase leisure and hospitality has come to include diverse establishments, some of which are simply buildings with rooms to let while others are all-inclusive resort destinations which include shopping, consumption and amusement among other amenities (Andrew, 1999).The concept of social justice in leisure and hospitality industry is highly crucial in that, the industry is extremely attached to service delivery. Hence, corporate social responsibility in relation to the immediate and future interests of the client must be put into concise and logical consideration.

More so, it is important to understand that, social justice in its very nature is both a rational concern and an important issue that is wholly embedded in politics, religion and civil society, though heavily attributed to politics. According to Daniel (1984) the concept of social justice is a major component of natural law of justice, which in nature determines individual ties with the rest of the society. Therefore, all human beings have a basic level of value, meaning, pillars of social justice as dictated in the leisure and hospitality industry reflects the values of all stake holders without discriminating individuals against their social status, sex, creed, nationality or tribe.

The political philosopher John Rawls made a declaration in the book Theory of Justice where he projected that, every person possesses a sacredness founded on integrity that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the defeat of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others (Acere, 2002). All in all, talking about social justice in this industry without reflecting on its impact on the field of employment cannot be fair, in any given disciplines, workers do play a pivotal role to determine the destiny of any given business entity, it is through their eye that an establishment of sound moral standards are founded, here workers includes subordinate and insubordinate staff.

Therefore, where this concept is employed in total, it is expected that there is a room for fairness and workers are not recruited on their gender or color, this is because leisure and hospitality make a significant percentage of our life whether socially or privately. Analytically, it can be agreed that where abuse is rampant, there is a tendency for distaste to evolve and this cannot augur well in an area where service provision forms the core area of transactions (Mutinda, 2009).

Therefore, it is prerogative of stakeholders in this sector to embrace and emulate proper practices that are at par with acceptable parameters enshrined in the cardinal pillars of social justice. Notoriously, in most countries minimum trade standards has been principally disregarded within this industry. Alphonse (2004) noted that, this has heavily eroded this sector, especially in developing and developed third world countries, where, various government agencies are employed to run this lucrative industry. Hence, such institutions as tourim, hotel, music and film industry to mention just but a few calls for strict discipline in all spheres of operation. Since 2000 the impetus for casualised service has accelerated, and pooled with decreased trade union charisma affects not only the height of fulfillment with directives but also the degree to which underpaid and abused employees recover their entitlements (Hezron, 2002).

This in correlation with the rights of employees has seen the concept of social justice succumb to a new meaning. However, with modern technological advancements in communication, newer trends are emerging that are shaping the whole concept of social justice as far as leisure and hospitality is concerned. According to the recent analytical research that was conducted by a leading regional carrier, it was established that, unlike previous years when both the service provider and consumer differed on various subjects which more than often lead to uncontrollable abuse of human rights including loss of property. Today, as Afflek (1988) claimed, customer care has taken the centre stage; the deviant acts of negligence, lack of trust and transparency are being replaced by more hospitable, credible and open institution where the plight of client is held in high esteem.

On moral platform, the major factors that are behind these transformations are attributed to the desire for hospitable environment, healthy competition and the democratic political wind that’s sweeping across the world, forcing many institution to embrace the more humane nature of respecting human values and in business fronts, client respect is no longer a choice but mandatory.  Drawing a line from other business quarters, leisure and hospitality industry, though somehow affected by diverse cultures and geographical setting, human development including social interactions, this industry cannot move without embracing the concepts of social justice in total (Kiarie, 2009).

Think of leisure & Hospitality is it for only those who take pleasure in being a leaders and forever thinking about how to make things better, actually no. This industry is filled with opportunities to nurture and develop individual’s life while improving the experiences of the people you serve.  Numerous jobs do present varied responsibilities where life is electrifying, fascinating and every day different- through meeting and serving people from all over the world.

The Leisure and Hospitality sector is the world’s prime employer and employment opportunities abound all over the globe. It is on this context that viable human approach should be employed to avert misinformation and abuse of individual freedom. By examining what social justice is, as in relation to leisure and hospitality industry, practically it can be accrued that this as a strong and valuable scheme where everyone is entitled to an equal economic, political and social rights. Meaning there is a need for the industry players to open doors of contact and prospect to all including the handicapped. This fact is consolidated by the reality on the ground; especially where services are fully guaranteed and client’s satisfaction are reflected wholly despite the numeral challenges. At a glimpse, Hayziral (2000) stated, the many obligations of leisure and hospitality players indicates how this system underscores everything they do. With foreign clients, for example, industry workers make sure their clients have access to quality food and personal care.

The same is right for aged clients: leisure and industry workers may work to protect them from monetary exploitation or to guarantee that they are receiving the care and service benefits that are of high standard. Due to market demands and more knowledgeable clientele, the leisure and hospitality industry is being forced to adapt measures that are stringent in order to avoid such situation as recorded that some scrupulous industry players in Havana Cuba are eroticizing the service industry in Cuba’s all inclusive beach resorts. Where employees are being forced to endorse unlawful labor practices such as sexual incentive. On moral scope this erodes the spirit of social justice in that; hotel guests are duped to establish sexual relationships with workers in order for hoteliers to reap more reimbursement and opportunities (Juliet, 2006).

It has also been noted that where workers have resisted this approach, many have been subjected to threats, shame and humiliation before potential clients and along their peers. Such incidences have brought into focus the role of social justice in this industry; critics have argued that, even though leisure and hospitality go hand in hand, profit parameters cannot allow vibrant growth in terms of social justice, they noted that, where the cardinals players may have a good and humane towards clients, but prevailing conditions dictate they hike prices and in some circumstances advertise services that are not available, hence distorting the customer perception of fairness through unfair pricing of services, corrupt reservation process and unsatisfying services. Various investigations have offered proof that manipulated information on pricing policies does influence client perception.

These coupled with other malpractices in the industry discredit the purpose and spirit of social justice and instead they    have paved way for social injustice creating a scene where certain barriers are employed to roll such injustices as, prejudice, discrimination, racism, and oppression among others. In general these barriers have continued to impact negatively on this industry. For the last two decades, most social injustices in the world were recorded in the leisure and hospitality industry, according to analysts; this was due to the fact that, most clients were treated according to their financial status.

It is on that note, that leisure and hospitality industry should seek the services of social workers who are trained and are in a position to apply social justice principles to configure social affecting the leisure and hospitality industry. Equipped with concise goals of serving the clients, they can also use information of accessible legal attitude and organizational structure to advocate for changes to guard their clients, who are often defenseless and underserved. For instance, social workers are armed with organizational ethics to ensure that patrons are treated courteously. Likewise, they can inspect the organization’s policies on personal consumer information to make sure it is held in confidence.

Leisure and hospitality industry covers the fields of travel, tourism and leisure, the industry is indeed one of the main monetary contributors to most countries around the world. In order to maintain the sturdy status of the industry, it is necessary that its operators and managers utilize the suitable industry procedures. In terms of decision-making, this process in tourism-based organizations is important as it determines the triumph or breakdown of urbanized trade strategies. Normally, decisions are based on aim and practical matters; however, above all, certain qualitative factors have already been incorporated to make the administrative process more compliant to the vibrant environment of the industry.

In addition, the concepts of social justice have been stressed not only in the hospitality industry but to all forms of businesses. This industry is amid the top growing financial sectors internationally. The industry by itself is acknowledged as multi-billion dollar and still moving ahead. In essence, though it involves hotels and other forms of accommodations, fast food outlets, bars, retail stores, restaurants. These assorted segments of leisure and hospitality trade make the industry to grow and ultimately into an extremely competitive universal commerce. While this industry enables the provision of cosmic services for the customers, labor opportunities are also varied.

Indeed, the requirements of the industry for the clientele are as infinite as its chances for the workforce. People are able to work in different areas of interest while still be in a job within the industry. Additionally, business moral principles on the other hand are defined as the study to facilitate deals with trade evaluation and administrative processes based on ethical values. This notion in essence aims to endorse the industry practice that players should sustain stability involving candid or just operations and success.

The application of this concept in industry is ultimately becoming complex as companies spread out their operations to overseas countries; ethics-related issues appear to differ depending on the business position or location ,thus  destabilizing the application of social justice . Nevertheless, moral values are recognized as a significant constituent of thriving industry operations. This is emphasized further via outrageous trade cases owing to lack of business morals. The practices of social justice are essential in the leisure and hospitality industry for several of reasons. One of which is the issues characteristically encountered in this form of trade. Openness, health and safety issues including fairness, equal treatment, emergency planning, entity and institutional responsibilities, disaster response mechanisms and up to date approval are some industry factors connected to industry ethics and they should be held in high esteem in order to avert abuse or infringement of individual freedom in all areas pertaining to provision of service delivery. In addition, the factors and operations surrounding leisure and hospitality-oriented businesses entail ethical actions and practices. Considering that the main goal is to serve community or tourists, a service that is ethically tolerable should be employed. This type of industry too utilizes or employs innate or ecological wealth for its business; the safety and maintenance of these resources require ethical procedures too.

However, negative image attributed to this industry is heavily eroding its impact, despite widespread popularity, many industry players have failed to integrate with the local population, and this is heavily affecting the many firms and in particular tourism sector, leisure and hospitality industry calls for interdependent between formal and informal players, the reason being the obvious  correlation of cultures may breed to misunderstanding, where the local customers are not satisfied or assume they are being ignored.

More so, another factor that should be accorded significant consideration is psychological and economic effects witnessed in the industry due to internal and external forces, where various firms in the leisure and hospitality business have failed to improve or to positively influence employees through incentives, training and all inclusive family holidays as well as implementing measures that will see to it employees benefits are not ignored.

According to the various industry literature reviews, most workers resolve to primitive antics when dealing with clients, typically giving low quality services and eventually abusing, or robbing potential regular clients. This inconsistency is attributed to the fact that most industry players implement stringent measures that wholly goes in favor of the customer. According to the laid down rules and procedures, all industry players are bound by the uncompromising

Moral values as enshrined in the accepted code of ethics in relation to the spirit of social justice.

Therefore, as the industry continues to advance and more communities embrace this new business prospects, new structures should be implemented in order t o guarantee quality services, either after or before the client is attended. This concept will help the firms involved to guarantee their clients and workers clear terms of service, where human dignity is valued both the client and the service provider will interact without any injury either psychologically or physically.

Due to the nature of the leisure and hospitality industry and the high stake employed in terms of investment, many crucial elements have to be considered to avoid any form of conflict. As previously noted lack of information or sheer ignorance has severely contributed to abuse of human rights where a client attacks or abuses an employee or in some instances or client rejects to be attended by people of certain origin on context that they are uncivilized and primitive. As a noble indicator, major industry players are recognizing the essence of social justice in this business platform, with physical boundaries almost virtually erased and new ventures being delivered now and then, it is important to employ methods and designs that would guarantee practices that would be beneficial to all, meaning the service provider will set frameworks that would facilitate effective service delivery with enhanced and improved Performance.

This will see to it that, whether one is poor, rich or physically disadvantaged will have an equal chance of receiving guaranteed and proper services, while on the other hand, no individual will be denied an opportunity in to serve in this industry due to his or her social, political or financial status.

Hence, as a gesture of humanity, it is imperative that diverse cultures be respected or be incorporated into the industry, as a positive attitude towards various communities involved in the daily today operations of this industry, thus decimating any instances of manipulation and exploitation. Notwithstanding the significance given to issues of social justice and training in cultural aptitude in the leisure and hospitality industry, no modest concentration has been given to the fact that lack of obligation to issues of cultural diversity and cultural capability can grind down abrasively.

By reflecting on accessible social set ups and experiences, it can be noted that the quest for cultural competence is facilitated in the course of an enduring course of reflexivity and communal liability within supportive and productive environments. Therefore, leisure and hospitality industry cannot be separated from the larger society, thus its role of all concerned to adopt the ethical approaches that will positively merge with diverse cultural trends. Thus, the concept of social justice can be said to be effective, if the industry can implement viable programs that would offer opportunities and social benefits in terms of development to the underrepresented communities and women in particular.

Likewise, by incorporating ethics of cultural diversity, universal awareness and social justice into suitable segments of educational curricula, research and scholarship schemes in socio-civic engagement.  Effectively, this can help to strengthen the relation between industry players and the diverse cultural communities involved directly or indirectly in the delivery of services. Due to the tarnished image of leisure and hospitality players in such countries as Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Brazil, where the communities are accusing them of engagement in human trafficking-abducting hundreds of helpless girls and subjecting them to serve as sex slaves. The civil society role is brought into sharp question as to how the players of this booming industry should employ the various measures needed to establish a sound and vibrant enterprise that is all inclusive. In conclusion, it is not easy to estimate the full significance of social justice and how it has revolutionized the leisure and hospitality industry worldwide. This due to the fact that, though many issue are being under or overlooked, the industry cannot leap the projected benefits without considering the effects of malpractices that are arising due to poorly paid and untrained personnel, who in way one or the other are becoming a liability.

Table 8.C3–hospital insurance and/or supplementary medical insurance: number of participating skilled nursing facilities, home health agencies, Clinical … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Tuesday, March 30th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 891 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Table 8.C3–hospital insurance and/or supplementary medical insurance: number of participating skilled nursing facilities, home health agencies, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act facilities, and end-stage renal disease facilities, by census division and state or other area, December 2005.(8.C Medicare: Participating Facilities)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.32(2)

Article Type: Table

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Table 8.C3–hospital insurance and/or supplementary medical insurance: number of participating skilled nursing facilities, home health agencies, Clinical … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Table 8.B1–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Aged persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and service, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Tuesday, March 30th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1257 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Table 8.B1–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Aged persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and service, selected years 1967-2003.(8.A Medicare: Enrollment Utilization, and Reimbursement)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.5(2)

Article Type: Table

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Table 8.B1–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Aged persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and service, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Table 8.B8a–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in short-stay hospitals, by census division and state or other area, selected … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Friday, March 19th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1225 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Table 8.B8a–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in short-stay hospitals, by census division and state or other area, selected year 1975-2005 (in dollars).(8.B Medicare: Enrollment, Utilization, and Reimbursement)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.17(2)

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Table 8.B8a–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in short-stay hospitals, by census division and state or other area, selected … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Table 8.A1–hospital insurance, calendar years 1966-2005 : An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Thursday, March 18th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1505 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Table 8.A1–hospital insurance, calendar years 1966-2005 (in millions of dollars).(8.A Medicare: Trust Funds)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.1(2)

Article Type: Table

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Table 8.A1–hospital insurance, calendar years 1966-2005 : An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Table 8.B8b–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in skilled nursing facilities, by census division and state or other area, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 907 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Table 8.B8b–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in skilled nursing facilities, by census division and state or other area, selected years 1975-2005 (in dollars).(8.B Medicare: Enrollment, Utilization, and Reimbursement)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.19(2)

Article Type: Table

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Table 8.B8b–hospital Insurance: Average covered charge per covered day of care in skilled nursing facilities, by census division and state or other area, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Table 8.B2–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Disabled persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Monday, March 8th, 2010

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This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1230 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Table 8.B2–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Disabled persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and service, selected years 1974-2003.(8.B Medicare: Enrollement, Utiliation, and Reimbursement)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.7(2)

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Table 8.B2–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Disabled persons enrolled, served, and amount reimbursed, by type of coverage and … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Marsha Blackburn on Social Security in Red 2010

Thursday, February 18th, 2010


For the third time in my life, the Social Security System will go belly-up. The first time was in 1977 well, almost. To head off the bust, Jimmy Carter got Congress to pass a major FICA tax increase sorry, “contribution” increase in order to save Social Security. The rate would be hiked in phases from 2% to 6.15% (times two: employee and employer). He promised: “Now this legislation will guarantee that from 1980 to the year 2030, the Social Security funds will be sound.” (tinyurl.com Carter’s projection was off by a Georgia country mile. In 1983, the SSA program technically went bankrupt. Reagan signed a law that speeded up Carter’s rate increases, added Congressional employees to Social Security, and delayed the age of eligibility. (tinyurl.com Unless there is another Social Security tax increase in 2010, the system will go into red ink mode and stay there. The public has not been informed of this, which comes as no surprise. There have been a few scattered stories on the Web, but nothing sustained. The media do not want to admit that the jointly operated Social Security program and Medicare program are going to bankrupt the Federal government if they are not cut back drastically. They are never cut back. They always expand. Medicare’s Hospital Insurance program has been in red ink mode for two years. The public does not know this, either. To cover the program’s insolvency, the government is quietly funding the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund with bailouts from the general fund. www.lewrockwell.com

Table 8.B5–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Number of enrollees under age 65 who are disabled or have end-stage renal disease, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin

Monday, February 8th, 2010

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Social Security Bulletin, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 1397 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Table 8.B5–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Number of enrollees under age 65 who are disabled or have end-stage renal disease, by program, age, sex, and race, July 1, 1980-2005, selected years.(8.B Medicare: Enrollment, Utilization, and Reimbursement)(Table)
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Social Security Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: 8.15(2)

Article Type: Table

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Table 8.B5–hospital Insurance and/or Supplementary Medical Insurance: Number of enrollees under age 65 who are disabled or have end-stage renal disease, … An article from: Social Security Bulletin